Notes Family Law1 Osmania University

The below notes comprehensively cover the unit-wise Environment Law syllabus, including answers to repeated previous-year questions as revision notes.

By studying from these notes, there’s no need to prepare for past papers separately—they’re already integrated for your convenience and easy preparation for sem exams.

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Previous Year Repeated Questions Environment Law

6 Mark Question

1. Global warming
2. Hazardous substance
3. Reserved forest
4. ‘Trophy’ under Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
5. ECO-Mark
6. Two major effects of Noise Pollution
7. Ratlam municipality case
8. Offences by companies under Air Act
9. Global Warming
10. Biomes
11. Negligence
12. Absolute Liability
13. Endangered Species
14. Article 48A of Indian Constitution
15. Nairobi Convention 1982
16. Right to Environment
17. Global warming
18. Ecology
19. Trespass
20. Strict Liability
21. Coastal Ecosystem
22. Right to Development
23. Environmental Jurisprudence
24. Kyoto protocol
25. Meaning of Environment
26. Ecology
27. Biosphere
28. Ozone Depletion
29. Voice pollution
30. Absolute Liability
31. NGT
32. UNEP

15 Mark Questions

1. Explain the meaning of Environmental pollution and discuss its causes, effects and factors leading to it.
2. Explain the legal control of hazardous substances and processes.
3. Explain the scheme of public liability Insurance Act. 1991.
4. Discuss the importance of Earth summit, 1992.
5. Discuss traditional and modern in approaches to Environment.
6. What is Bio-diversity ? Explain the need of conservation and preservation of Bio-diversity.
7. Explain the object and salient features of the Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986.
8. Explain the salient features of the Rio-declaration 1992.
9. Discuss the ‘right to wholesome environment’ as a fundamental right under the Indian Constitution.
10. Evaluate the judicial contribution for growth of environmental law in India.
11. Discuss the powers and functions of Pollution Control Boards.
12. What is sustainable development? What are the basic principles of sustainable development?
13. Discuss in brief the relevant provisions of the Indian penal code and the criminal procedure code (Cr.P.C) for protection of environment with the help of settled cases.
14. How Art.21 of the constitution has been used by the Judiciary to protect the environment from pollution?
15. Explain the meaning of environmental pollution and discuss the causes, effects and factors leading to it.
16. What are the common law remedies available against public nuisance?

10 Mark Questions

1. A Brick Kiln factory was set up in your locality without complying with the mandatory requirements of the Environment Impact Assessment (EIA). What should be your role as a conscious citizen in such a situation?
2. Due to dumping of waste on the open land, the ground water of that area got contaminated. To which authority can the aggrieved residents complain against the contamination?
3. A factory which is close to the residential area was running for 24 hours continuously making huge noise. Can the action be initiated against the company for noise pollution?
4. ‘Z’ Ltd. set up an unauthorized Electric Fence around his farm to protect his crops from wild animals. An elephant came into contact with the Fence and died. Explain ‘Z’s liability.
5. Hyderabad Municipal Corporation failed to provide an effective drainage system in some areas of its jurisdiction, as a result of which waste water accumulated on the streets and provided a place for mosquito breeding. Suggest appropriate constitutional remedy to solve this problem.
6. A fertilizer manufacturing industry discharges the sludges directly to the soil and water causing the spreading of diseases in the village. The activity of the industry is hazardous to the life of residents of the village. Suggest remedies available under the Constitution of India.
7. Shankar industry is cultivating shrimp culture in the coastal area of Mandanur causing salinity of soil and drinking water and also affecting the local flora and fauna. Suggest remedies available under the law.
8. Mr. ‘X’ is in possession of lion-shaped chinkara skins meant for sale without a license. Decide.
9. A distillery was found discharging effluents from its distillery into Krishna River, which was a source of drinking water to people residing in that area. The people protested for the closure of the Distillery Company on the ground of the right to health. Decide.
10. A park situated in the busy Centre of a city provided great recreation to locals. The Municipal Corporation decided to convert this into a public Centre to generate revenue. A local NGO contested this decision. Decide.
11. A businessman has been running a hotel in the outskirts of the city of Tirupati which is a pollution-free area, and there is a good rush of customers. A neighbor constructed a hollow brick industry which emits cement dust and sound from this industry. What will be your advice to the hotel keeper?
12. Ramesh purchased a Nano car from Tata Company. The car was emitting smoke and the Road Transport Authorities refused to give a Pollution Under Control Certificate to Ramesh. Ramesh filed a case in the Consumer Forum asking for the replacement of the car. Decide.
13. Municipal Corporation of Hyderabad has earmarked a certain plot of land measuring 20 acres for a public park and the same is also entered in the master plan of the city. After ten years, due to a financial crunch, the corporation has decided to sell 15 years earmarked land to a business house for the construction of a shopping complex, and the public park could be established in the remaining 5 acres. Mr. X wants to challenge this decision. Advise him.
14. The State Government has undertaken the construction of a mega hydroelectric project in the Reserve Forest area, and that is going to affect the natural environment of that area. A public interest litigation was filed to that effect before the Supreme Court. Discuss the admissibility of the petition.
15. A State Government after a long time of declaration of a sanctuary, reduced the area from 765 sq. km. to 440 sq. km. on the ground of economic development of the state. Advice.
16. In a residential locality “A” is involved in a business of loading, unloading, and stocking of fodder. It has become a health hazard to the residents of a locality, as the whole atmosphere was polluted due to dust particles of the fodder. “B,” as a resident of the locality, approaches you. Advise him.

Syllabus Environment Law Osmania University

Unit-I

The meaning and definition of environment – Ecology – Ecosystems-Biosphere- Biomes – Ozone depletion – Global Warning – Climatic changes – Need for the preservation, conservation and protection of environment – Ancient Indian approach to environment- Environmental degradation and pollution – Kinds, causes and effects of pollution

Unit-II

Common Law remedies against pollution – trespass, negligence, and theories of Strict Liability & Absolute Liability – Relevant provisions of I.P.C. and Cr.P.C. and C.P.C., for the abatement of public nuisance in pollution cases – Remedies under Specific Relief Act – Reliefs against smoke and noise – Noise Pollution.

Unit-III

The law relating to the preservation, conservation and protection of forests, wild life and endangered species, marine life, coastal ecosystems and lakes etc. – Prevention of cruelty towards animals – The law relating to prevention and control of water pollution – Air Pollution – Law relating to environment protection – Environment (Protection) Act, 1986: Biological Diversity Act, 2002: Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handing and Transboundary) Regulations etc, – Environment pollution control mechanism – National Environmental Tribunal and National Environmental Appellate Authority- National Green Tribunal-Their powers and jurisdiction

Unit-IV

Art. 48A and Art. 51A(g) of the Constitution of India – Right to wholesome environment – Right to development – Restriction on freedom of trade, profession, occupation for the protection of environment – Immunity of Environment legislation from judicial scrutiny (Art.31C) – Legislative powers of the Centre and State Government – Writ jurisdiction – Role of Indian Judiciary in the evolution of environmental jurisprudence – Role of green belt development purpose & advantage.

Unit-V

International Environmental Regime – Transactional Pollution – State Liability – Customary International Law – Liability of Multinational corporations/ Companies Stockholm Declaration on Human Environment, 1972 – The role of UNEP for the protection of environment – Ramsar Convention 1971 – Bonn Convention (Migratory Birds) 1992 – Nairobi Convention, 1982 (CFCC) – Biodiversity Convention (Earth Summit), 1992 – Kyoto Protocol 1997, Johannesburg Convention 2002- UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC)- UN Climate Change Conference (COP21) & Paris Agreement 2016

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